Macroeconomics

Macroeconomics refers to issues which influence a countries growth in terms of effecting positive impact. Microeconomic stability refers to the situation where by a country’s economic conditions are favorable and therefore conditions are conducive for growth. Population growth is often portrayed as causing poverty and environmental degradation, and thus population control is seen as a means of improving living standards. There is a growing concern amongst governments that the rate of population growth in most developing countries if not checked could continue jeopardizing the development in those countries by straining the budgets of those already struggling economies. Introduction. Population growth has been a subject of research for many decades as governments and other stakeholders seek means to bring population under check for it is widely assumed that it is related to poverty and environmental degradation. This paper explores the interrelatedness of population growth, poverty, and environment from a general perspective. Population growth implies the increase in the number of human beings in a given population per unit time (Lia & Jesse, 1998). Even though population growth can refer to increases of number of members in any given species, this paper shall limit itself to the discussion of human population. Population growth can be attributed to several aspects such as immigration and due to births which is viewed as a natural process. According to estimates from expert, the population growth in the world is currently at 200,000 people per day. Out of the current growth estimates, over 70 % of the increase is taking place in the developing countries. It is further estimated that, in the next 30 – 40 years, 2. 6 billion people will be added to today’s world estimate population of 6billion people. Currently, 65 percent of all worlds’ population lives on less than a dollar a day, in other words, in abject poverty. This indicates a positive relationship between and population growth and poverty in some areas. The relationship between the two variables lies in the fact that, human population depends on the environment for survival. If production remains constant over along period of time but in turn the population keeps on increasing, it gets to a point where the land can support no more people therefore any additional population is bound to suffer from want. This is especially so in the developing world where the main economic activity is dependent on land resources such agriculture. It is worthy noting that, population can also affect environment in other ways like the sprouting up of slums as a result of disproportionate population growth. This in turn causes people to turn into environmentally unsustainable practices to earn income. On the other side this poses a threat to health since in some cases it strains urban infrastructure for instance the city of Nairobi, the city was designed to cater for a population of 1. million people, the current population is 3 times more. The resulting effect is that, the infrastructures as well as social amenities are overstretched and unless expanded proportionally, such pose negative challenges to the environment. It is not fair to link all population growth to poverty and environmental degradation. Taking the case of some Asian countries, they have experienced a population growth and at the same t ime, improved living standards attributed to booming economies. On the other hand, a country may experience population growth without the growth impacting negatively on the environment as long as corrective measures are taken to prevent environmental degradation. Effects of population in rural areas. Clearing forest or virgin land to pave way for cultivation to support the excess population is the commonest effect of population growth on environment. This becomes an environmental concern in that it may touch on water catchment areas as well as steep lands therefore catalyzing soil erosion. The other effect could be ecological displacement of animal and plant species from their natural habitats. On the other hand population growth may result to poverty in that if the population depends on the land for income, population growth may mean over sharing of resources meaning that productivity of the land is affected ( Silanga, 2003p. 565). This scenario is especially common in sub Saharan Africa where a big percentage of the population live in rural areas. However, not all such environment woes should be associated with population growth. Effects of population in urban areas. This is of relevance since over half of the world population live in urban settlements and it is in the urban setting whereby population growth rate is high something occasioned by immigration as well as natural process. An exponential population growth may not reflect in jobs creation something which means that more and more people fall into the population trap since they do not have meaning full employment and are forced to live in semi permanent houses in slum areas . Environment may be affected by pollution resulting from economic and industrial processes. Role of population control and population growth. Population control refers to the methods applied to populations to reduce the rate of increase of individuals in a population. Family planning is the commonest method. It involves use of biological methods such as pills, hormone injection as well as tubal ligation. It controls population growth in that, individuals can control their reproduction patterns and avoid giving births to unwanted and unplanned babies. This has proved successful almost every where in the world with some countries reporting negative population growths. If proper population control measures are effected, the problems associated with population growth are solved hence the relevance of population control to population growth. Conclusion. The population – environment – poverty axis is a complex microeconomic issue phenomena which requires further research especially due to the fact that other factors affect the situation and any objective study must look into other factors in play as well. Meanwhile there s need for controlled population growth to check on population growth whose effect in most cases is negative.

The Wildest Experience of My Life

So my last weekend before being deployed has finally arrived. I wanted to do something exciting, extreme – something I never would have imagined doing before – something that would take a lot of heart to do. Maybe even could be called a little crazy as others told me. Skydiving was something I had never done and certainly had never thought of doing until now. After doing some research online, I found a place only an hour away from home in Lumberton, Mississippi. In a way I was hoping there wouldn’t be a place local so that could have been my excuse not to do it. Once I started thinking about actually jumping out of a plane, I started to get nervous and have mixed feelings. Then I realized it can’t be any scarier than what I may encounter overseas; maybe it could even help me deal with some things while there. So after much debating and thought along with unsuccessfully trying to convince a few friends to join me, I booked my trip to jump. My trip was booked for Sunday, two days away! I still had a slight hope that one of my friends might change his mind, which didn’t happen. I already had mixed feeling about my â€Å"jump,† and I must admit the more I thought about actually doing it, the more nervous I became. I began feeling jittery, and for the first time I was more nervous about skydiving than I was about being deployed. And still for some reason I wanted to do this, almost felt like I had to. The morning of my jump arrived, and I was instructed to arrive one hour prior to my scheduled time. This means I had to be there at 10 a. m. , and that didn’t leave me with much time to chicken out. The morning of, I began to do my usual morning routine, which consists of jogging and a simple shake for breakfast. I managed to go jogging, but once I returned home I couldn’t even start to drink my shake. So with all the excitement I decided to call my girlfriend at the time. In some way I was hoping to get a little motivation and encouragement out of her. When she picked up the phone the first thing she said was, â€Å"You ready to jump? † Then she laughed at me when I told her I was nervous, which in a way made me feel a little better. Shortly after our phone conversation began I noticed the time and realized I had to start getting ready. I knew if I didn’t get showered, dressed, and get out of the house; I would never make it on time. It crossed my mind that running late would be a better reason not to jump than chickening out and just not doing it. Shortly after that crossed my mind, I decided that was not an option. I was going to do this jump no matter what. So I began my hour and fifteen minute drive. During the ride my hands and feet started sweating while I was constantly trying to concentrate on other things, but always found myself thinking about jumping out of the plane. Then I started to think about all the bad things that could go wrong. Before I realized it I was reading the sign â€Å"Gold Coast Skydivers. I was here, no turning back now. So I pulled in looking for a space to park. I became amazed and couldn’t believe how many people were here. The place was so crowded I had to park in the grass. I finally found a spot and put my truck in park, turned off the ignition, and as I stepped out I could see people who had already jumped. Seeing people landing with open parachutes somewhat gave me a certain calmness to my feelings. When I walked into the office there were people in there laughing and discussing how much fun they had during their jump. No one seemed at all nervous or shaken up as I was expecting. After I filled out all the paper work and signed all the release forms, I was told to wait for my instructor, so he could go over all the information I needed to know. Not long after I was brought into a garage like area with several other first time jumpers they started to go over everything we needed to know. They were constantly reminding us we were jumping at 14,500 feet and would be free falling for approximately 10 seconds before they pulled a smaller parachute, which would slow us down to 120 mph on the free fall. Then we would continue falling for another 60 seconds before the main parachute was pulled. All of the first timers were constantly reminded to make sure we listened to our instructor who would be jumping with us. I would be jumping tandem, which is a requirement for first time jumpers. A tandem jump is when you are attached to the front of someone, our instructor in this case. They will be the ones responsible for pulling the parachute. To me, this meant I would able to sit back and enjoy the ride without worry. Before I was knew it I was being dressed in a blue jumpsuit and stepping into my harness. I was then introduced to my instructor, handed a pair of goggles and told to head towards to the plane. I was walking downhill looking towards the plane and for the first time actually becoming excited about what I was about to experience. My tandem instructor boarded the plane first, and I went right behind him. The plane was narrow with two long benches allowing us to line up with our instructors. When I got seated I started to look at the others who were boarding the plane. My instructor asked me, â€Å"Do you know what it means to be the last one on the plane? † My reply was simple and a fast â€Å"No! † He then laughed and responded, â€Å"You’ll be the first one out! † I found that amusing because I did know that I was the first one on, which means I would be the last one out. Once we got seated my instructor started strapping me in and started going over what I needed to do during the jump. He told me to keep my legs tucked under him, keep my head to the left, and keep my hands on my harness until I was told otherwise. He then told me that after about ten seconds he would tap me twice on my shoulder. This meant I could release my hands from the harness. He proceeded to tell me when and how he would start doing spins and others stunts. I was told to give a thumbs up if I wanted more or to close my fist if I wanted to stop. It seemed like no time had passed by, and we were in air on our way. My instructor had a band on his wrist that showed him how many feet we were at. Before I realized it we were at 13,000 feet and everyone was told to put on their goggles and get ready. This is when I began asking myself what in the hell did I get myself into? Soon as I could blink my eyes the first jumper was out the plane, then the next, and the next! Now I was being scooted forward down the aisle. Once I arrived at the end of the bench I was instructed to crawl to the edge of the door. This means I was looking out of an open door into the blue skies. I had no time to think as we leaned forward, backwards, and then out we went. As soon as it started I wasn’t nervous anymore! I was enjoying the feeling of free falling through the sky with nothing but the air underneath me. Before long I felt the two taps that I had been waiting for, and I released my arms from the harness. Now we were spinning freely in the air and I loved every second of it. I never closed my fist. From what I can remember I believe I kept both thumbs up the entire time. Before I knew it the parachute had been pulled, and I was being jerked upward. This is when I heard my instructor say, â€Å"We got ourselves a parachute! † I was then told to position my harness lower on my thighs, so I could be in a sitting position. This turned out to be more comfortable to me. As we were gliding downward towards the landing zone, I began looking around and realized that this was one of the most peaceful experiences of my life. My instructor made it feel natural as he effortlessly guided us right towards the landing circle with ease. As we were getting close I could see the others who had already landed and were watching me as we started our decent. Next thing I heard was â€Å"feet up† and we were landing gently on the ground. For some reason I expected the landing to be more difficult and rough, but it wasn’t. I was now safe and on the ground being unhooked from my instructor. At this time I could say that I had jumped out of a plane and enjoyed every second of it. Back in the office I changed out my suit and talked to the other first time jumpers for a little while. I then took the opportunity to take pictures with my instructor and get the information I needed to learn how to skydive on my own. I then said my goodbyes and headed home. I was proud of myself for what had just got accomplished and the fear I had overcome. This was truly a mind blowing, breath taking, stomach turning, and nerve racking experience. As soon as it was over a part of me was ready to jump again.

Analysis Tools Unit 5 IP Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analysis Tools Unit 5 IP - Research Paper Example George Scott founded the non-profit in 1987 and it became the area’s largest provider of student housing; second only to the college dormitories (Dominick, 2012).Scott and his wife obtained a $13 million lease purchase on a building in New York and opened its doors to college students. In 2002, Scott formed a second company, Student Services Inc. which expanded support services to students to include cable, phone and Internet services. Student Services became an outlet to transfer funds from Educational Services through excessive invoices. The non-profit’s board of directors was responsible for reviewing the financials for Educational Housing Services; however, somewhere along the way the checks and balances ceased to happen. Annual Revenue & Expenses Financial information on GuideStar is either digitized from Form 990 images we receive from the IRS or submitted by the nonprofits themselves through the GuideStar Exchange (990 filers cannot override Form 990 financial data). If your organization does not file a Form 990, 990-EZ, or 990-PF and you would like to have your financial data displayed in this section, join the GuideStar Exchange today! Million in a restitution settlement. â€Å"Siphoning millions of dollars at the expense of college students is deplorable,† Attorney General Eric T. Schneiderman said in a statement. â€Å"We have no tolerance for officers and directors who treat a nonprofit organization as a vehicle for personal enrichment† (Dolnick, 2012). The Board of Directors was also cited for excessive salaries and negligent accounting methods. Educational Housing Services is now a private company with 24 years in the business. Scott could have kept a separate private corporation for his personal ambitions. Since the original venture became such a helpful success to himself and to so many others, it would have been wise to keep the books the way they were. There was nothing to prevent him from pursuing

Paramedic Science (Medical) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Paramedic Science (Medical) - Essay Example The area deprived of blood supply is said to have suffered ischemic injury. The ischemic injury, if severe enough to cause the complete block of oxygen and nutrients causes death of the heart tissue, which is termed as Myocardial Infarction (Guyton et al 200, Ganong 2005). The blood vessels supplying the heart are called coronary arteries. There are three main coronary arteries which supply different areas of heart along with their branches. These are 1) Right coronary artery, 2) Left anterior descending artery, 3) Left circumflex artery. Above 90% cases of myocardial infarction occur as a result of coronary artery blockage, thus the disease is also referred to as coronary artery disease (CAD). The most common and dangerous cause of coronary artery obstruction, and thus MI is Atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis refers to the narrowing of arteries because of accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are basically thrombi composed of lipid foam cells (cholesterol) and differe nt cell components including smooth muscle, macrophages and collagen fibres. In most instances, the ischemic myocardial infarction is precipitated by the phenomenon called acute plaque change. Acute plaque change results from the rupture of pre-existing thrombi that partially occlude the lumen. The rupture exposes the underlying thrombogenic endothelium. The plaques are also termed as vulnerable plaques as they contain lipids in high amounts, along with collagen fibres and inflammatory cells. When ruptured, the reactivity of these components causes the inflammatory destabilization and result in the infarction (Libby P 2001). The acute phase reactant, C reactive protein (CRP) is thus found to be high during the acute myocardial infarction (Blake et al 2003). The infarction can occur in either of the two patterns, complete occlusion of a single coronary artery referred to as transmural infarct, which results in complete ischemia of the area supplied by that particular coronary artery. Subendocardial infarcts on the other hand occlude the arteries incompletely, and thus allow some perfusion. But since subendocardium is the least perused area of the myocardium, it is more prone to ischemic death. The aim of reperfusion is to save the viable muscle from necrosis (Huber et al 1996). The myocardial injury is reversible for up to 30 minutes after the ischemic attack, thereafter the injury becomes irreversible. The entire muscle becomes necrotic within six hours, if the collateral arteries are not well developed (Robbins et al 2005, Mohan 2007). The development of atherosclerotic plaques and pathogenesis of the process into the myocardial infarction is a complex one. It is a chronic disease taking years to evolve before it causes any modifiable consequences. The evolvement is subtle and the resultant damage is severe. The pathogenesis of the disease involves several factors. The balance among these factors in the long run determines the outcome of the condition. These factors can either be modifiable or non-modifiable. The modifiable factors are the ones that a person can control by bringing about certain changes. They include controlling the level of fats in diet, cessation of smoking, regular exercise and maintaining the blood pressure in the normal range (Manson et al 1996). The hyperlipidemias, i.e. elevated low density lipoproteins and

Current topics in HR Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Current topics in HR - Research Paper Example which was concerned with the installation of an appropriate course of action for trying and certifying hour and wage class judgments, made the process of class certification more accurate. The court recommended that a feasible trial plan should be set up, which should give equal contemplation to both the existing class issues along with those issues that would be practiced with managerial efficiency while respecting the rights of the employers (Crain and Kim 7-8). The plan would also sanction presenting evidences by the employer, which were pertinent to the subjects of both damages and liabilities. It must also permit the employers to formulate the use of confirmatory defenses towards the class as a whole or mainly some members belonging to the class (Jones Day Publications, â€Å"California Supreme Court Ruling to Make Class Certification Process More Rigorous†). This case came under the Supreme Court’s judgment, fought by Henry Jong, an outpatient pharmacy manager for Kaiser against the company. The manager claimed that he had owed unpaid overtime that had been earned from the suspected â€Å"off-the-clock† hours, which either the company knew or was supposed to know that Jong had worked. In his statement, the manager testified that he was aware of the policy that mentioned compensation of payment for all worked hours of Kaiser and also that he was recognizable with Kaiser’s rules of timekeeping and time recording system. Jong however agreed that he had signed a deed named â€Å"Attestation Form for Hourly Managers and Supervisors – Working Off-the-Clock not allowed†. The manager disclosed the fact that he did not knew if anybody in the Kaiser’s organization was aware that he was working off-the-clock. Finally, Jong submitted that he had rang an alarm code data from his pharmacy that was cross refer enced from his time records, which indicated that he had disarmed the alarm before the actual time, which he reported to begin his work. The subordinate trial

Company is Burberry clothing group PLC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Company is Burberry clothing group PLC - Essay Example Part of its growth strategy is to license third parties or franchise other entities to manufacture and distribute it produces under the Burberry trademark though the majority of its operations are through the mainline stores and departmental stores across the globe. There were about 70 franchise stores, 227 concession stores, 215 mainline stores and 55 outlets as of 31 March 2014 (managementtoday.co.uk/go/burberry/) The company has employed an elaborate branding strategy, dividing its operations into three distinct brands. This helps to develop brand loyalty which in turn would increase the revenue volumes of repeat sales. The second expansion strategy that has been employed is the use of the franchise away from the traditional company operated mainline stores which increase the cost of doing business. Franchising has enabled the company to have a wider physical presence with less capital needs for expansion and growth into new markets. The company has also ventured into the eCommerce selling its products online to capture the growing trend in eCommerce and reach out to even more wider clientele not just the individuals who can access their physical stores. The company’s products are mainly continuity products that have relatively short life cycles and fashion products that respond to the prevailing trends. This consequently reflect that the company must ensure it position itself uniquely and also be able to target its more trendy conscious customers. The main competitors include Gucci, Polo, Coach and Armani which are top luxury fashion brands globally (wpp.com). To achieve a competitive advantage the Burberry Company has ensured that its expansion into new and emerging markets has been slow and steady as well as increasing its product range to include even logo less apparels. The company generated revenues of  £ 2,330 million, which resulted in a net profit of  £332.4

Why Should you learn another language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Why Should you learn another language - Essay Example Today English is the official language in a large number of countries, an estimated number of people in the world that use English in communication or a regular base is 2 billion, so by studying English one become part of this diverse large population that uses English in their day today activities and communicate with citizens of most of countries in the globe, without any confusion in expressing our feeling and thinking (Halliday pp 38). Worldwide business are conducted in English, with the advent of outsourcing, bilingualism is used as a useful skill this makes the scope for employment much wider for those who speak English in foreign countries. successful functionality in international business require communication with other people through email, memos and reports which should be written in English hence the need to understand and express thoughts and ideas in English. The other importance of language is that it create a greater opportunity for a job moreover, with an enough amount of knowledge In English, the possibility of promotion in position is ever higher (Halliday, pp 38). In education research and academics there is an existence of over 2000 universities and colleges this implies that above 400 billion dollars are spent every year on research, by taking the example of US alone it offers an incredible array of opportunities to those who are able to function in an English only environment. English knowledge opens doors for study abroad and have access to more variety of educational courses, this equip one with the desired skills and knowledge that makes one conversant with the world trend academically (Alamin pp 2-345). Another importance of studying English language is that English is the language of technology and science, genetics, medicine and also computer science so if anyone is interested in any of this fields then

The definition of intention in the case of Woolin lacks clarity. A Essay

The definition of intention in the case of Woolin lacks clarity. A legislative definition is necessary so as to ensure that ther - Essay Example In other words, the end result was not the intended outcome by the actor. Kugler further explained that much debate has been on the issue whether a case might be judged and the accused sentenced using the distinction between intention and recklessness. On the other hand, the intention of the actor has to be established as clearly as possible in passing out murder judgments to the defendant to avoid the temptation of involving judicial moralism in the cases. The problem in this case is extended by the introduction of morality in criminal jurisdictions. The use of a moral formula in defining the offence as kugler (2002) explained has been the cause of much acrimony in courts today. The use of the double effect doctrine inter alia, requires that, oblique intention should not be the same in all cases involving a crime of intention as well as using a moral formula in defining some offences in criminal cases. Ross (1996) in his explanation of morality, justice and judicial morality explain ed that the issue of introducing morality in corridors of justice has raised much concern and debates in courts. ... In the case of Woollin throwing the child in the room, which led to the child’s death, there lacks a clear defined intent in the action, which would make it possible for the juror to possibly infer on the laws of morality in sentencing the accused. It would therefore be more prudent to have clearly defined laws which would define the aspect of intent to avoid judicial morality in arguing out cases in the courts, which as Willson (2000) explained has been the dilemma in many criminal cases. The case of Regina v Woolin (1Cr. App. R. 8, 1999) involved a heated debate about the intent and the actual action of the accused that led to the death of a child, after Woolin threw the child in the room causing the child to suffer a fractured skull that led to his death. The accused on his defense argued that, the intention was to cause just slight harm to the child and was not to cause the death of the child through the serious harm suffered. From the case, it might be certain that Wollin had prior knowledge of his actions and was aware well in adverse that the action would result into serious harm to the child as could be defined by mens rea. The dilemma of intention was further brought out through the Nedrick case (83, Cr. App. R. 267, 1986) by Lord Lane, C.J. In the ruling the judge ruled that in a case where, the accused has been charged with murder and the jury have to decide whether the accused intended to kill or to inflict serious bodily harm, the jury cannot therefore infer the intention to the accused unless where the serious bodily harm might be of virtual certainty due to the defendants actions. Therefore, as Lacey (1993) explained, although the intent

Italian Job Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Italian Job - Movie Review Example In the Italian Job, the actors consisted of renowned individuals including Mark Wahlberg, Donald Sutherland, Edward Norton, Jason Stratham, Seth Green and Charlize Theron and Mos Def. The Setting The setting of the movie suggests that the target audiences are the youth and adults. The graphics and action in the movie clearly provokes mind interpretation and, thus, is rather inappropriate for a much younger audience. In addition to the youth, the public can learn a few lessons from this movie about partnerships and friendships. Further, this movie gets set in a societal context that amplifies its relevance to its target audience. The movie won five awards and these include Taurus Award (2004), Casting Society of America (COLA) Award (2004), COLA (2003), Black Reel (2004) and ASCAP award (2004). In addition to these awards, the movie was nominated seven times to some of the famous awards including BET awards and Saturn awards. This movie bears similarity to the 1969 version, which feat ured the Italian mafia. However, this movie has a contemporary setting that surely fits the description of The Italian Job. The Plot The Italian Job starts with a well-planned theft engineered to take possession of gold bars of value amounting to $35 million from a heavily guarded safe in Venice, Italy. The team that undertakes this endeavor is under the leadership of Charlie(Mark Wahlberg). The crew was to share the spoils of their score when greed got the better of one of them, Steve (Edward Norton). Steve opts to kill all the other crewmembers and elope with the score. Convinced that others are all dead Steve takes the gold bars and moves to Los Angeles with the intent of selling them in the black market. As it emerges, Steve only killed John Bridger (Donald Sutherland), their mentor. A year later, Charlie puts the crew back together and enlists Stella Bridger (Charlize Theron), John’s daughter and a professional safecracker. The other crewmembers include computer genius L yle (Seth Green) wheelman Handsome Rob (Jason Stratham) and Left-Ear (Mos Def), the explosive expert. The crew intends to go after Steve. However, this attempt gets it drive from revenge rather than the monetary value of the catch. Every player of this crew has something to avenge, and the recruit, Stella gets her motivation from the fact that the mark is the same man who killed her father and this alleviate her reluctance to join the crew. The endeavor proves tough since the stage is in L.A. Further, the traitor, Steve proves to be a step ahead at almost every turn, and the cost of the revenge is not as cheap as the crew anticipated. In essence, the twists and turns that almost make the endeavor a wild goose chase serve to maintain the suspense of the setting and keeps everyone guessing on the next step. The stunts in this movie are breathtaking, and graphics in the setting facilitate their success. Evaluation The movie has numerous strengths. However, though the setting had the in tent of being flawless, a few points do not conform to the intent. Nonetheless, the movie comes out on top. It is evident that the movie has enough panache to keep it afloat as an enjoyable film. The charm that each character brings to the table serves well to ensure this film achieves the standard that this genre gets associated. Stratham. Green, Def and Sunderland bring about their well-known performances. The fact that the latter’s stunts come out on top even when the script gets predictable and

Tata Motors Going Global Essay Example for Free

Tata Motors Going Global Essay TATA Motors-International Business Indian Automobile Industry Hailed as ‘the industry of industries’ by Peter Drucker, the founding father of the study of  management, in 1946, the automobile industry had evolved continuously with changing timesfrom craft production in 1890s to mass production in 1910s to lean production techniques in the1970s. The automotive industry in India grew at a computed annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11. 5 percentover the past five years, the Economic Survey 2008-09 tabled in parliament on 2 nd July’09 said. The industry has a strong multiplier effect on the economy due to its deep forward and backwardlinkages with several key segments of the economy, a finance ministry statement said. The automobile industry, which was plagued by the economic downturn amidst a credit crisis,managed a growth of 0. 7 percent in 2008-09 with passenger car sales registering 1. 31 percentgrowth while the commercial vehicles segment slumped 21. 7 percent. Indian automobile industry has come a long way to from the era of the Ambassador car to Maruti800 to latest MM Xylo. The industry is highly competitive with a number of global and Indiancompanies present today. It is projected to be the third largest auto industry by 2030 and just  behind to US China, according to a report. The industry is estimated to be a US$ 34 billionindustry. Indian Automobile industry can be divided into three segments i. e. two wheeler, three wheeler four wheeler segment. The domestic two-wheeler market is dominated by Indian as well asforeign players such as Hero Honda, Bajaj Auto, Honda Motors, TVS Motors, and Suzuki etc. Maruti Udyog and Tata Motors are the leading passenger car manufacturers in the country. AndIndia is considered as strategic market by Suzuki, Yamaha, etc. Commercial Vehicle market iscatered by players like Tata Motors, Ashok Leyland, Volvo, Force Motors, Eicher Motors etc. The major players have not left any stone unturned to be global. Major of the players have gotinto the merger activities with their foreign counterparts. Like Maruti with Suzuki, Hero withHonda, Tata with Fiat, Mahindra with Renault, Force Motors with Mann. Key Facts: †¢ India ranks 12th in the list of the worlds top 15 automakers †¢ Entry of more international players †¢ Contributes 5% to the GDP †¢ Production of four wheelers in India has increased from 9. 3 lakh units in 2002-03 to 23lakh units in 2007-08 †¢ Targeted to be of $ 145 Billion by 2016 †¢ Exports increased from 84,000 units in 2002-03 to 280,000 units in 2007-08 TATA Motors-International Business Submitted by: Sameer, Sohail, Sankar, Himanshu, Arun Page 5 Porter’s Five Forces Analysis of Indian Automobile Sector1. Industry Rivalry †¢ Industry Concentration: The Concentration Ratio (CR) indicates the percent of market share held by a company. A high concentration ratio indicates that a high concentration of market share is held bythe largest firms the industry is concentrated. With only a few firms holding a largemarket share, the market is less competitive (closer to a monopoly). A low concentrationratio indicates that the industry is characterized by many rivals, none of which has asignificant market share. These fragmented markets are said to be competitive. If rivalryamong firms in an industry is low, the industry is considered to be disciplined †¢ High Fixed costs When total costs are mostly fixed costs, the firm must produce capacity to attain thelowest unit costs. Since the firm must sell this large quantity of product, high levels of  Ã‚  production lead to a fight for market share and results in increased rivalry. The industry istypically capital intensive and thus involves high fixed costs †¢ Slow market growth In growing market, firms can improve their economies. Though the market growth has  been impressive in the last few years (about 8 to 15%), it takes a beat in even slighteconomic disturbances as it involves a luxury good. Aggressive pricing is needed tosustain growth in such situations †¢ Diversity of rivals: Industry becomes unstable as the diversification increases.

Educational Approaches in the ECCE Sector Ireland

Educational Approaches in the ECCE Sector Ireland Marie Grey Aistear the Early Childhood Curriculum Framework. Aistear is the national curriculum framework set in place all around Ireland. It is for early education from birth-6yrs. There is not one specific programme or curriculum to follow. It was put in place to help in schools, pre-schools, crà ¨ches, and within the home. By working closely with parents, teachers and practitioners Aistear provides a safe and enjoyable learning experience. Aistear is all about learning through play. Its four themes are as follows: Well-Being- This is about the overall well-being of the child. Such as physically, mentally, spiritually, and emotionally. I have used this aim as an example of what Well-being is. Aim 3: â€Å"Children will be creative and spiritual.†(National Council for Curriculum and Assessment (NCCA), 2009). Identity and Belonging- Is to know themselves as a unique individual, to belong as part of a group and part of the world. Not to feel left out, to feel accepted and equal. I found this aim explains Identity and Belonging very well. Aim1: â€Å"Children will have strong self-identities and will feel respected and affirmed as unique individuals with their own life stories.†(NCCA, 2009) Exploring and Thinking- Feeling confident to explore, try new things, be curious, use imagination, have a mind of their own, own opinions, views and thoughts. Learn to solve problems using their own initiative. This aim shows how this particular theme can be used. Aim 4: â€Å"Children will have positive attitudes towards learning and develop dispositions like curiosity, playfulness, perseverance, confidence, resourcefulness, and risk taking.† (NCCA, 2009) Communication- Being able to communicate openly/freely. Language development, listening skills. To socialise as part of a group. By taking a look at the aims you can see how they are used. Aim 2: â€Å"Children will use language† (NCCA, 2009) HighScope The HighScope curriculum was developed for day-cares, play groups, nurseries and crà ¨ches. It involves a lot of free play. Learning through play. It’s not as structured as others. Children have their own choices about the activities they wish to do, adults have to make sure they follow through on their decisions. By using recyclable materials and labelling shelves and areas where everything goes, they learn to tidy up when they’re finished and gain confidence by making their own decisions. Children learn about science, maths, technology, reasoning, language and the world around them. HighScope offers support for parents and lots of involvement from them. Using methods like plan-do-review, HighScope offers the children opportunities to plan their activity, proceed with it and come back to review and reflect with the adult. The child can express what they did, how and why, if they enjoyed it, or if doing art they show the adult what they made and can feel proud of their hard work. â€Å"HighScope teachers arrange and label classroom interest areas and stock diverse materials to give children a broad range of experience and help them begin to understand how the world can be organised.† (Epstein, pg13, 2007) Aistear and HighScope Aims and Goals. Aistear vs. HighScope Similarities. Aistear has four themes- HighScope has fifty eight Key Developmental Indicators. (KDIs). They both have learning goals. For example a learning goal from Aistear’s Well-being- Aim 1: Be confident and self-reliant. Example of HighScope’s five ingredients of active participatory learning or learning goals- Choice: Children are free to use the materials however they choose when doing plan-do-review. They both plan for the same overall outcome to support the child’s holistic development and also the best interest of each child. They both centre their curriculums on learning through play and the environment. Differences. Aistear’s four themes are: Well-being, Communication, Identity and Belonging, Exploring and Thinking. Here are a few of HighScope’s (KDIs): Initiative, Social Relations, Creative Representation, Movement Music, Language Literacy, and Mathematics Science. HighScope is a more structured curriculum than Aistear. There is a lot more Aims and goals in HighScope than Aistear. Aistear is an Irish founded curriculum HighScope is an American founded curriculum. Aistear’s themes can be very easily incorporated into the HighScope curriculum. By using the main four themes and knowing the aims and learning goals the HighScope method can then be reviewed alongside Aistear. That way a new or updated curriculum can be conducted. For instance when using plan-do-review in HighScope, Aistear’s theme of Thinking and Exploring can be used. How I would do this in an Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE).By letting the children go and plan their own activities and use their intuitive to explore the world around them. They would be then using both curriculums together. Any or all aspects of Aistear’s four themes can be used or incorporated into HighScope’s method of plan-do-review. Another example would be if the child planned to do art. This would cover Aistear’s identity and belonging, Thinking and exploring and communication. Why I say communication, the child would be communicating their feelings through their cr eativity and individuality. Here are some of the learning goals that Aistear and HighScope use: â€Å"Well-being Children will show good judgement when taking risks. Identity and Belonging Children will appreciate the features that make a person special and unique (name, size, hair, hand and footprint, gender, birthday)†. (ncca.ie 2014). In my opinion these two curriculums work very well together, and support the teachers and practitioners in their understanding of why they need to provide these opportunities for children. â€Å"Basic Principles and Goals of the High/Scope Approach Communicating Children will develop counting skills, and a growing understanding of the meaning and use of numbers and mathematical language in an enjoyable and meaningful way. Exploring and Thinking Children will gather and use information from different sources using their increasing cognitive, physical and social skills. In partnership with the adult, children will demonstrate growing confidence in being able to do things for themselves make decisions and take increasing responsibility for their own learning Act on their curiosity, take risks and be open to new ideas and uncertainty†. (ncca.ie 2014). It is in my opinion very important to support each individuals learning opportunities and experiences at this early stage in their lives. â€Å"The High/Scope program strives to develop in children a broad range of skills, including the problem solving, interpersonal, and communication skills that are essential for successful living in a rapidly changing society. The curriculum encourages student initiative by providing children with materials, equipment, and time to pursue activities they choose. At the same time, it provides teachers with a framework for guiding children’s independent activities toward sequenced learning goals†. (Education.com High Scope: A Constructivist Approach 2009). 3. Theorists views linking with HighScope and Aistear. Margaret McMillan Known for her theories on free-play and outdoors, she links to most of the day to day outdoor activities children experience in an ECCE setting such as exploring the garden, seeing different types of bugs and exploring the outdoor environment. Also playing freely in nature. Which cover Aistear’s themes communication, identity and belonging, well-being, thinking and exploring. It also covers most of HighScope learning goals of exploring the environment and world around them and also risk taking and problem solving. â€Å"McMillan believed that children learn by exploring, first-hand experience and active learning. Also they learn through free-play, especially with craft and water activities.† Early learning (2014) she cared for children from 18 months to 7yrs old. â€Å"The best classroom and the richest cupboard is roofed only by the sky†. â€Å"Inspirational Posters† Early learning (2014) Jean Piaget’s Cognitive Theory of Play: Play is in a relaxed environment where learning can occur easily. Play is not the same as learning, cognitive development requires both assimilation and adaption, and play is assimilation without accommodation. Piaget is mostly known for this four stage theory: Sensory-Motor Stage birth – 2yrs. Pre-operational Stage 2yrs-7yrs. Stage of Concrete Operations 7yrs -11yrs. Stage of Formal Operations 11yrs -16yrs. Both curriculums support the development of this theory in HighScope children have the choice to choose their own learning. Thus giving them independence and free thinking at a young age. By using Jean Piaget’s theory of Cognitive play each child will have great benefits in their learning combined with the support and independence HighScope is providing and the freedom and support of their identity and well-being Aistear is providing. Overall the three used together would give great support and work well to help the child holistically within their development. While also giving them a better understanding of themselves and the world. Although Piaget suggests in his theory play is not the same as learning I disagree, children learn through play. Piaget suggests Children have real understanding only of that which they invent themselves, and each time that we try to teach them something too quickly, we keep them from reinventing it themselves. (The Century’s Greatest Minds, Time, 1999) Jean Piaget Quotes Piaget’s other theories are: Play and Imagination, Play and Reason, Piaget suggests there are four types of play: For example symbolic play and doing puzzles which promotes thinking and exploring and communication which are two of Aistear’s themes. As for HighScope problem solving is one of their learning goals so as you will see in the quote below children use their imaginations to replay something they may have witnessed or experienced, maybe even seen on a T.V show through their play or role play. At this time they may be resolving the conflict or situation in a way that they would have liked it to be resolved. Which again is using both curriculums and the theories of Piaget. Sensory- Motor or physical, play When the child repeats an action like swinging their legs/arms just for the fun of it. Symbolic Play Imagination â€Å"It is primarily affective conflicts that appear in symbolic play. If there is a scene at lunch, for example, one can be sure that an hour or two afterward it will be recreated with dolls and will be brought to a happier solution. If the child has been frightened by a dog, in a symbolic game things will be arranged so that dogs will no longer be mean or children will become brave†. Jean Piaget quotes (2014) 4. Learning Opportunities and Holistic Development. In my opinion Aistear offers each child the opportunity to fulfil their potential as an individual learning about themselves, where they belong within their family, community and the world. What I mean by this, by exploring their environment and having fun, safe and fulfilling learning experiences in a fun, child orientated with support from adults but not over powering or controlled by adults and a friendly, stimulating environment. They will learn how to socialise, make decisions, solve problems, and build strong bonds or relationships. They will also benefit holistically in their development by doing fun and age appropriate, challenging and inspiring activities which will support them in their physical, intellectual, language, emotional and social development. (P.I.L.E.S).Aistear’s approach is one that allows the child to lead their own activities with support of adults only when the child needs or requests it. The adults are mostly there to ensure the materials provided are appropriate to support each child’s needs. Also to provide a warm, safe, hygienic, stimulating and challenging environment for each child to reach their potential and their own natural learning pace. Nothing is forced or a child does not have to be able to do a certain thing, they learn at their own pace. Saying that the adult is there to observe and ensure the child is meeting or reaching their developmental milestones. If a delay is identified the adult will observe further and suggest but not the child to do different activities to suit their learning needs. HighScope on the other hand give children the opportunity to learn symbols or letters as everything is labelled, children begin to recognise letters or markings and understand these symbols are the names of the materials or items. As the HighScope method gives more opportunities for children to learn with natural or realistic materials such as within the home area real kettles or pots and utensils are provided for learning. This offers the children the learning opportunity of life skills. Which I feel is beneficial for children especially this day and age as many parents are always working children need to learn skills such as pouring themselves a drink. This can be used at home as well children can use mathematic skills in the shopping centre with parents or at home packing the shopping away or the washing counting stockings or pegs. HighScope also recommends parental involvement and although Aistear does require observations HighScope is stricter on observations and record keeping as daily observations are required in some cases. I do however feel both curriculums offer lots of different learning aspects, goals and opportunities. Both together can work extremely well and cover the child’s holistic environment and also support them in other factors of their environment such as culture and social also family and community. In my opinion either Aistear or HighScope would benefit a child’s holistic development if used properly, correctly and to its full potential. Using them combined would in my opinion offer more learning opportunities for each child and offer a lot more freedom and exploration learning opportunities for the children. As Aistear will support HighScope in the areas of the children’s overall well-being. HighScope will support Aistear offering the children with more choice and independence which will also support the child’s thinking and exploring and their identity and belonging, alongside their holistic development by doing activities and exploration. As both curriculums link to each other and are similar in many ways most of the learning goals are the same Aistear does however encourage lots more involvement from parents. HighScope offers lots of opportunities for independence, growth for confidence, self-esteem and decision making. Using the KDI’s as guidelines for learning opportunities as Aistear uses its four themes, aims and learning goals or outcomes. â€Å"Both sets of KDIs are arranged to correspond to the National Goals for Education in the USA. They equally relate to Aistear, the early childhood curriculum framework in Ireland†. ‘The High Scope Approach to Early Learning’. Geraldine French. (2012) (arrow.DIT.ie) References and Bibliography National Council for Curriculum and Assessment (NCCA). (2009). ‘Principles and Themes’. NCCA: Epstein, Ann S. (2007). ‘Essentials of Active Learning in Preschool Getting to know the HighScope Curriculum’. HighScope Press: Michigan, USA. National Council for Curriculum and Assessment (NCCA). (2009). ‘Principles and Themes’. NCCA: Epstein, Ann S. (2007). ‘Essentials of Active Learning in Preschool Getting to know the HighScope Curriculum’. HighScope Press: Michigan, USA. ‘Aistear: the Early Childhood Curriculum Framework’ cited on: http://www.ncca.ie/en/Curriculum_and_Assessment/Early_Childhood_and_Primary_Education/Early_Childhood_Education/Aistear_Toolkit/Activity_Exploring_Aistears_learning_goals_.pdf Accessed online [7th of June 2014] ‘High Scope: A Constructivist Approach’ Excerpt from Early Childhood Education Today, by G.S. Morrison, 2009 edition, p. 149-155. Cited on: http://www.education.com/reference/article/high-scope-constructivist-approach/ Accessed online [7th of June 2014] Melanie Klein project (2014) â€Å"Play Therapy† [Online], available at: https://sites.google.com/site/melaniekleinproject/work/play-therapy accessed online [17th January 2014] Early learning HQ (2014) â€Å"Inspirational Quotation Poster† [Online], available at: http://www.earlylearninghq.org.uk/latest-resources/inspirational-quotation-poster-margaret-mcmillan/ accessed [17th January 2014] About psychology (2014) â€Å"Jean Piaget Quotes† [Online], available at: http://psychology.about.com/od/early-child-development/a/jean-piaget-quotes.htm accessed [20th January 2014] ‘The High Scope Approach to Early Learning’ Geraldine French (2012) http://arrow.dit.ie/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1010context=aaschsslbk Accessed online [7th of June 2014] Marie GreyPage 1

Tahitians and the Nootka :: essays papers

Tahitians and the Nootka To Compare these two groups, the Tahitians and the Nootka one must consider that there are considerable similarities but there are certain differences which allow them to be set apart. The Tahitians set themselves apart as evolved and fit the model for intensive farmers, since they are blessed with the rich soil and adequate rain fall. The Nootka too, are somewhat in the scope but they are still categorized as hunter-gatherers. This can be explained in many different ways, the Tahitians climate allows for them to wear less clothing, as it is quite tropical. The Nootka have to go through a chilly North America climate though there is still warm air from Japan. The Nootka land provides them with big game and this can give them warmth in colder days. This account for some of their hunter instinct. The Tahitians are more focused on cultivating their land which, as opposed to that the Nootka. They both cultivate their land to accommodate their needs and fish intensively as a mean of subsistence. Their similarities run way deeper than just these habits based upon the ecological model of culture it will simplify the and also the differences. The most obvious difference is in the language and population density of them two. The Tahitians numbered about 100,000 whereas the Nootka are only around 6000 or a little more. As far as nutrition goes the diet is similar in fish, the Tahitians though are excellent farmers and can cultivate the land very well. The Nootka because of their ecological surroundings are able to hunt game as well as fishing and their unmatched ability to store food makes them a successful hunter gatherer society. Technologically, the two share similarities in that they both are good woodwork. They use wood tools do to the lack of metal. Their tools are complex but limited. Stone, shells, bones and wood make up the materials used for tools, the other materials available are the grass, the branches of the coconut trees for example. Their tools include harpoons and series of hooks and line for fishing. For construction stone drills, wedges and adzes, however the Nootka have hunting weaponry such as bow and arrow, spears and traps for hunting game. They both posses the skill of carpentry, they build houses and make boats and also paper with great skill and workmanship. The Tahitians provide separate housing for the chief and their homes are made by the top carpenters whereas the housing scheme of the Nootka.

Internet Chat Rooms :: Technolgy Computers Communication Essays

Internet Chat Rooms missing works cited Over the course of the last several years I have explored several on line communities such as intimate adult chat, travel, dogs, trivia, and writers. Mostly I was curious about what draws people to chat rooms and what benefit, if any, is derived from their going to chat rooms. I was also curious as to whether people actually used the information gleaned, whether it was beneficial or did they simply just check out rooms because they were lonely and wanted to find new friends who had similar interests. On a personal level, I found that once I entered a community or chat room, the more specific I was about what I was looking for, the better the information provided. I found that the information given was given freely and was generally useful. Worse case scenario was if someone didn't know they generally referred me to a source that could provide the needed information. I believe you can find just about anything on line, but what about other people? Did they share my beliefs about the in formation obtained on line? And why do I sometimes still feel more comfortable if I can "touch" the information or "talk live" to another person? Did other people feel the same way? I must admit that the romantic in me kicked in when I read stories about people donating kidneys to chat room friends or arranged a reunion between people who haven't met in over 30 years. Would I find this in my classroom survey? I decided to experiment with my English 305B class and find out. Due to time constraints I sent them each a questionnaire containing 10 questions that would hopefully determine if they shared my feeling about information gathered on line. Although they knew who sent them the questionnaire, with our instructor's assistance they were guaranteed anonymity in their responses. I had no way of determining who they were and if they answered. I'd like to begin by first stating the questions asked together with a narrative of how I interpreted the results. I sent the survey during class on May 18, 2000. There were 20 people in class and I had 11 responses, or 55% of the group replied. Questions Asked of the Group as a Whole: 1) Male or Female 6 male; 5 female My only comment is that I'm pleased about the fact that both males and females responded in almost equal numbers.

Coal, Strip Mining, and its Environmental Effects Essay -- Essays Pape

Coal, Strip Mining, and its Environmental Effects Going to a school like Penn State entitles you to many advantages that smaller schools don’t have, such as diversity, world renowned professors, and several different majors to choose from. All of these things I knew before going to Penn State. However, one thing I was not aware of was the enormous amount of coal that the state of Pennsylvania has, and the power that its coal gives to the rest of the United States. Northeastern Pennsylvania, after all, has the only commercial deposits of anthracite coal, the premium coal for domestic use (Lecture 2/11/02). With all of coal found in Pennsylvania, there has to be ways to extract it from the hard ground in which it resides. The two ways we learned about in class were strip mining and underground mining (2/13/02). Strip mining is the coal mining procedure that I found most interesting. Strip mining, for example, has the highest productivity out of all the ways to mine coal; it extracts thirty to forty tons of coal per worker per day (2/13/02). Also,...

Alibaba: Competing in China and Beyond Essay

1. Introduction In this paper, we will talk about the most successful and famous e-commerce company in China: Alibaba Group about its competition strategies and its future moving. Alibaba Group was founded by Ma Yun (Jack) and the other 17 people in 1999 in Hangzhou. Jack wants to make the Internet become a universal, safe and reliable tool that would benefit the public. Alibaba Group now is holding by private, it has more than 70 offices in Greater China, Singapore, India, the United Kingdom and the United States, with more than 20,400 employees. 2. History and Development of Alibaba In 1999, Alibaba was formally established in Hangzhou and it financed from Softbank, Goldman Sachs, Fidelity Investments and other U.S. investment agencies for about 25 million dollars. Three years later, Alibaba’s B2B become profitable. In 2003, China’s first personal e-commerce site Taobao was established by Alibaba, in the same time, it also published the online payment system-Alipay to support their B2B and C2C business. In 2005, Alibaba established a strategic partnership with Yahoo USA; meanwhile, it was in charge of Yahoo China. In 2007, Alibaba founded the business management software company: Ali Software, and Alibaba.com Limited IPO in  Hong Kong Stock Exchange. In 2009, Alibaba Cloud Computing established, later in 2010, Taobao Mall started an independent domain name Tmall.com and it became Alibaba’s B2C service website which is focus on quality goods sales. In 2012, Alibaba Group has completed the initial share buyback and restructure the relationsh ip with Yahoo, while, Alibaba.com Limited officially delisted from the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. Chart 2.1 Overview of Alibaba Group 3. Alibaba’s competition advantages 3.1 Biggest market share of E-commerce in China We can see from the charts, till the end of 2013, Alibaba has owned the biggest market share in B2B, B2C, C2C and online-payment service. It has already became the top one e-commerce company in China. Chart 3.1.1 China B2B Market in 2013 Chart 3.1.2 China B2C Market in 2013 Source: http://www.chinainternetwatch.com/ Chart 3.1.3 China C2C Market Share Chart 3.1.4 China Online Payment Market Share Source: www.NBweekly.com & http://www.chinainternetwatch.com/ 3.2 The largest B2B, B2C and C2C website Alibaba is the world’s largest provider of online trading, and the world’s largest business forum. To December 31, 2012, the platform had around 500 million registered users and more than 2.8 million supplier storefronts, and  its websites are available in English, Simplified Chinese, Korean and other languages. It provides professional services for the global business. 3.3 The visibility is very strong Depends on its Propaganda efforts, almost all over the world have their ads now. 3.4 Better function Alibaba’s site speed, reasonable softwares, and good service attracted entrepreneurs of all ages around the world. 3.5. Others Also Alibaba had a high reputation in the Asia Pacific region and it always keep innovation, for example, in 2013 it officially published its online chat App called â€Å"LaiWang†. 4. The Movement of IPO (Initial Public Offering) 4.1 Background On March, 2014, Alibaba Group Holding Ltd. announced the company will do IPO in New York Stock Exchange; the estimated time will be in quarter three of 2014. The IPO scale is considered to be between $150~200 billion (USD) (Chen, 2014). If the plan is actually executed, it will be one of the biggest IPO scales in the history. To do IPO, from the obvious perspective, it is for arranging the global market. However, it has been 15 years since Alibaba was founded in 1999, why the company decided to do IPO now? What is the reason behind and trigger this movement? It is worth to look into the meanings behind and analyze the reasons. There are two major reasons behind this huge action. One is keeping the control right inside the partnership; the other is competing with the main and biggest competitor Tencent in China. 4.2 Maintaining the control right The first reason is to maintain the control right inside the partnership. For the founder of Alibaba, the core idea of managing the firm is to keep the company culture and the innovation power. Based on this idea, he developed the special partnership structure for the firm. The special partnership structure is meaning CEO needs to be chosen from Alibaba’s partners. And, to  become the partner, the staff needs to be the core manager in the department and work in Alibaba group at least five years. The meeting of choosing partners will run one time per year, the nominee needs to get at least 75% votes from the existing partners, then he/she can become the partner. Now the boards of directors are formed by 2 seats of Alibaba, 1 seat of Softback and 2 seats of Yahoo. It is dangerous for the founder and managers that they can be replaced or take away the control right suddenly. The shareholding structure of Alibaba now is around Yahoo has 23%, Softbank has 31.9%, the founder has 7.4% and managers/other shareholders have 37.7%. According to the agreement between Yahoo  and Alibaba in 2012, if Alibaba can do IPO before in the end of 2015, then Alibaba can repurchase the half of holding shares which Yahoo takes now, also Yahoo will give up one seat in board of directors. Therefore, doing IPO is not just a simple global strategy, more with the implicit intention behind. 4.3 Rising competition The second reason is to compete with Tencent in China. Alibaba is the biggest B2B and B2C e-commerce company in China; it has leading position for past years. However, the situation has changed in recent 3~4 years, more and more users access the internet including buying goods and services via cell phones. It is the benefit access for the competitor Tencent to grab the market from Alibaba. Especially, Tencent just bought a large stake of JD.com (Gittleson, 2014). JD.com is the second biggest e-commerce site in China and in B2C market; it is also the second place right behind Alibaba. The competition intention with Alibaba is obvious. The recent competitions between two parties can refer the below Table 4.3.1. Both companies also start to make acquisitions in small areas and ready for a head-to-head competition (Gittleson, 2014). Tencent doesn’t need to worry about the money since the company did IPO right early in 2004 in Hong Kong Stock Exchange; the stock price is HK$578 on 18th, March, 2014 which is 156 times more compared to 10 years ago (Yu, 2014). Hence, Alibaba needs to find the money  support and start this† one of the most expensive competitions in online history.† said by Kim Gittleson from BBC news. Main business E-commerce platforms in B2B, B2C and C2C markets. (Taobao, TMall, Alipay) Instant message platform. (QQ, WeChat) Recent Competitions 1. During Chinese New Year, Tencent launched a mobile payment service that users can send or receive the money of red packet on line; it gave a warning to Alibaba’s Alipay (Gittleson, 2014). 2. The competition in mobile app for calling taxis (Alibaba’s Kuaidi v.s. Tencent’s Didi). The app not only can call cabs but also can tip for the ride. It is estimated that both parties pay more than $3 billion to subsidize it (Tong, 2014). 3. In the end of 2013, Alibaba launched one messaging application called â€Å"LaiWang† and tried to compete with Tencent’s â€Å"WeChat† 5. Conclusion As we can find out from the previous chapters, Alibaba is a market leader and dominance Chinese e-commerce markets over ten years. Due to its large market share, innovation power and strong website function, no one is able to challenge its leading positions. However, in recent years, internet users start to change their using ways via the booming mobile phones. It benefits another giant company Tencent to penetrate Alibaba’s existing markets. Even though Alibaba has the first-mover advantages in the market, the competition from Tencent doesn’t stop even getting aggressive. From the IPO movement of Alibaba, it can see Alibaba take this competition serious and doesn’t want to lose. Two giants battle for the leading place. The tough and expensive competition with Tencent just started. But, now Alibaba not only need to concern about the domestic competition but also need to make careful actions in global markets due to the IPO. The future of Alibaba is becoming more uncertain since the global markets are adding into the plan and the sever competition keeps going on. 6. References 1. Bidwai, S.V. (2010) Case Analysis Alibaba: Competing in China and Beyond. 2. Chen, Copper (2014) Super IPO, what’s the meaning for Alibaba (translated). Business Next. Retrieved from: http://www.bnext.com.tw/article/view/id/31942. 3. China Internet Watch 2013. For Charts 3.1.1, 3.1.2 & 3.1.4. Retrieved from: http://www.chinainternetwatch.com/. 4. Gittleson, Kim (2014) Tencent and Alibaba Battle for Internet Dominance in China. BBC News. Retrieved from: http://www.bbc.com/news/business-26540666. 5. Southern Weekly. For Charts 3.1.3. Retrieved from: http://www.NBweekly.com. 6. Tong, Frank (2014) Alibaba’s Founder Talks about Its IPO and Competition. Internet Retailer. Retrieved from: http://www.internetretailer.com/2014/03/18/alibabas-founder-talks-about-its-ipo-a nd-competition. 7. Walraven, Piet (2009) A Brief History (and Future) of Alibaba.com. TechNode. Retrieved from: http://technode.com/2009/01/22/a-brief-history-and-future-of-alibabacom/. 8. Wang, Guo-An & Lim, Yong-Taek (n.g) Research in China’s Alibaba’s Development. 9. Yu, Sophie (2014) A Tale of Two Internet Leaders: Tencent vs Alibaba. China Business. Retrieved from: http://www.scmp.com/business/china-business/article/1452041/tale-two-internet-l eaders-tencent-vs-alibaba.

Assessment of Malvolio in Twelfth Night

When he speaks to Cereals (aka Viola) he says â€Å"And one more thing that you never be so hardy to come here again. † This shows us that although he strives to be as â€Å"Puritanical† as possible, there are some things that he does have special feelings for and, In turn, these help us relate to him and understand his actions during the play. However, that fact can be interpreted rather differently and reveal a darker side to Million.Moreover, far from being the loyal and protective servant he can be seen as a sycophantic, lustful person who acts solely out of greed and his desire for power. An example of this Is â€Å"Her madam at your service†, as this shows his sycophantic nature and his craving to be closer to Olav. As you advance through the play this begins to become more dominant and leads to Maillot's lecherous behavior. This is exploited by Maria's letter, which plays on Maillot's imagination. He is overheard visualizing various fantasies such as †Å"l come from a day bed, where I left Olav sleeping†This leads him to developing an overindulged ego and he becomes â€Å"too big for his own boots†. Consequently he does not know his place and has a superiority complex. This makes him unpopular with both his masters and fellow servants. When the trick is played on him by Maria he is â€Å"blinded by self love† and is foolhardy and so he is an easy target for the prank. Another one of his bad qualities Is his tendency to take the smallest thing too far and make it a million times worse. This trait seems to take root in the fact that the can be over zealous in his duties for Olivia.An example of this is when he tells Toby to stop ranking and get to bed when it is really none of his business. This results in Toby, Maria and Fabian formulating a plan for revenge (the prank), which leads to Maillot's demise. Mad†) and quite cynical (â€Å"till the pains of death take him†) towards others. I think that Sh akespeare chooses to exaggerate Maillot's actions and emotions in order to make us laugh at him swell as suggesting to the reader that many Puritans are die-hard killjoys. This is due to the fact that they want to close playhouses, which, as Shakespeare was a playwright, was his life and source of income.However, at the same time, he shows us that although Puritans try to appear almost inhuman, there is a different side to them, which is shown to us through Million. The side in question regards the fact that they can have fun and that they do have feelings for other people around them. They are human and they can do all the things we can do like feel pain, sorrow, regret and humiliation as well as love, hope and affection. The evidence for this is presented when Sir Topaz mentally traumatized and humiliates Million. He does this by making Million believe that he is mad and doubt his own sanity.This leaves Million distraught and in a wretched state, as would anybody else who was subj ected to what Million was brought to believe. For Million these emotions continue to escalate until eventually they reach a climax during the ending scene of Twelfth Night when he is sent away dejected and unwanted by Olivia. This scene raises our sympathy towards Million, which ultimately results in increased dislike when instead of accepting Toby, Maria and Fabian apologies he vows revenge on them all. Through out Twelfth Night our view and feelings for Million are constantly changing due to the complex plot and character interactions.At times we can feel sympathetic towards him, but before the effect of these new born feelings can sink in, he has done something bad and our views change once again. This makes it hard to Judge Maillot's character. However, overall, I think he is a villain. This is because he has chances to forgive and forget but drags little things on and makes them worse. This is reflected in the ending as it ends with Million leaving Olive's Mansion Vowing reveng e on all who inhabit it. Although I think he is punished rather severely I think ultimately he gets what deserves in the form of humbling humiliation. By Curran Doyle

What Is Commercial Organization?

Any type of organization who did business or commercial activity, like production and trading the goods or services. We can also name it as business organization, business enterprise or business firm as well.Difficulties Faced by Women Workers (Sapphire Textile)Ladies laborers confront distinctive difficulties in the work environment like sexual orientation based separation, provocation, residential limitation, work and family issues and unequal pay In the previous couple of decades, the part of ladies in our general public has been definitely changed. Ladies can be viewed as warrior stream pilots, educationists, client administrations head, and organization administrators, administrator heads, saving money, HR and telecom area. Ladies are making a huge commitment in every segment. Men are never again considered as the main bread worker of the house. Ladies of the family are currently additionally fiscally supporting their family. Despite the fact that the quantity of working ladies is expanding step by step yet at the same time there are sure boundaries that they need to cross to substantiate themselves helpful for the activity advertise. Sexual harassment based separation: Working men are generally given out of line advantage in contrast with the working ladies. In this male ruling society, men are viewed as all the more dedicated, keen and preferable representatives over ladies. This sexual orientation separation result in expanded level of pressure and employment disappointment. It likewise diminishes inspiration to work and duty towards the activity. Essentially ladies are given lesser open doors for quality training which thus brings about absence of information with respect to innovative progression. Local Restrictions: Prior ladies were limited to their home and their essential part was to deal with family unit tasks. With time, because of increment in financial weights on families this limitation has been discharged. Presently in the vast majority of the families ladies are likewise permitted to get advanced education and do paid employments yet under specific limitations. The greatest level of working ladies can be viewed as wellbeing laborers, educationist, assistants or whatever other low paid occupation that are very little favored by men in light of the absence of development openings and low pay-scale. Ladies are permitted to do such occupations in light of the female prevailing condition. This thing has confined the lady's introduction to other accessible openings and restricted their development in the formative area. After throughout the day of work at office, regardless of how tired they will be, they additionally need to take care of local errands. Provocation at work put: Provocation is another fundamental issue looked by working ladies, as they are viewed as a simple focus by the male partners. The greater part of the ladies in Pakistan left their home to procure cash just at the season of extraordinary need, they are much powerless and associates and higher administration hassle them by passing improper comments or ridiculing them or in outrageous cases they disturb them sexually. Typically ladies stay noiseless on such acts or overlook them or endure it in dread of losing their activity. They are hesitant to make claims against the guilty parties. Some of them leave to dispose of this since they realize that it is of no utilization to make a grievance against them. Degenerate officers and higher specialists don't bolster them. Strict laws are there to help working ladies however just if this gets revealed. This is one of the real reasons why families don't enable ladies to work. Lower Pay-scale: The business ought to guarantee that uniform wages ought to be paid to the two people on an equivalent measure of work done. In numerous work environments, representatives are not permitted to examine their pay rates in view of which nobody ever comes to know whether they are paid less or not. Tormenting, provocation and mishandling are striking acts however bring down wages is a quiet offense, nobody makes any dissension and the issue proceeds. Ladies are paid less in light of the fact that business has this preset idea that she will leave the place of employment after marriage or in the wake of having youngsters. Ladies gain low likewise on the grounds that they need to pick a less difficult activity for themselves so they can invest more energy at home. Parenthood influences the lady's vocation antagonistically as opposed to men. The association should offer some family-friendlier approach and furthermore ensure break even with wages ought to be given to the workers without sexual orientation segregation. Staying noiseless on such act implies that we are quietly supporting this wrongdoing. Hitched Working Women: The majority of the wedded ladies are not permitted to carry out a vocation and furthermore, it winds up troublesome for them to keep up work and family tasks harmony as a result of expanded duty. Customarily, men are the bread workers of the house and it isn't considerable if ladies bolster the family fiscally or if ladies gain more than men. Hitched working ladies additionally confront issues at work. It isn't feasible for them to work in late hours. The vast majority of the work environments don't have nurseries or childcare where moms can keep their youngsters. Negative demeanors of male colleagues: Demeanor of male colleagues is now and again extremely mortifying and one-sided. It is viewed as that ladies are enlisted just to add shading to the workplace condition. Absence of working environment social help, from partners and chiefs prompts non-attendance, low turnover and occupation disappointment. Higher experts should endeavor to build up a strong and favorable workplace. Transport: The vehicle framework in our nation is extremely poor. This is a major obstruction for the ladies who need to go out for an occupation. People both need to confront this issue. In spite of the deficient accessibility of the general population transport, ladies likewise need to confront provocation. They will undoubtedly go on transports and vans since taxis are costly.

Abortion Should Not Be Permitted

Why abortion should not be permitted When we hear the word abortion, we would think negative about it. The definition of abortion is the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy, most after performed during the first 28 week. In medicine, an abortion is the premature exit of the products of conception (the fetus, fetal membranes and placenta) from the uterus. Many women in this entire world do abortion. There are many reasons why they prefer abortion such as having a fear of raising the child, rape, or not having enough money to support their life and the baby.Some important reasons of why abortion should not be permitted have to do with human morality, religious and values of conscience. First of all, why abortion should not be permitted is because of basic human morality. It is not the unborn babies fault and they have the right to live normally just like any other humans. Where is our humanitarian if we abort the unborn babies? Just because of our own mistakes and our selfishne ss we took away another one life that is so innocent and vulnerable. Furthermore, the baby doesn’t even know why and how he is here.You don’t need to kill one life in order to live, instead there are many solutions to resolve this problem but an abortion is not the answer. Secondly, why abort should not be permitted is based on religious values. In almost all religions, a women is not allows to do an abortion. My thoughts as a Muslim, we Muslim regard abortion as wrong and forbidden. But, abortion can only be permitted if continuing the pregnancy would put the mother’s life of real danger in Muslim law. Nevertheless, in what religion you are, women should not do an abortion as the baby have the right to live in this world.Finally, reason of why women should not do an abortion related to her conscience. When women do an abortion, she will never forget what happened and the thoughts of killing a one innocent life will always be with her. The future that could have happened with her baby which will always reminds her that she killed it. Her conscience reminds her of what she has done is terribly wrong. Conclusion is, there are many way rather that choosing an abortion. Killing an innocent unborn baby is like a woman with no heart and lack of human morality.The truth is women need to think the consequences before having a sexual relation. I feel sad for the unborn baby because they deserve to have a normal life just like other kids, to see their mum face and the opportunity to see the world. Women in this world love their baby and I know a mother who had to do an abortion is not really willingly to abort it, in fact they are sad and scared but in order to live their life without bringing the ashamed in their life, they have no choice but to abort it.

Deming points Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Deming points - Essay Example Additionally, this physics doctorate holder also devised the phrases of assignable-cause followed by variation in chance-cause (Deming 80). Shewhart is also credited with coming up with the concept of statistical control that is a fundamental technique in designed experiments. Furthermore, he used mathematical statistical theories in order to comprehend data drawn from physical processes instead of producing a normal distribution curve. Therefore, there are several Deming points that assist in the management philosophy. However, in this case it is essential to study one and understand how it brought benefits to one of the group members (Deming 79). Therefore, in this instance, I think the promotion of education has brought numerous benefits especially when compared to the experience at Indiana State University. For example, it has enabled workers in gaining additional skills and expertise of handling matters. These include the arising challenges of modernity in the management world that are controlled by technology. Another importance of promotion of education is the ability to gain in terms of analytical thinking and memory of pertinent issues in the management field. After the interview concerning the 14 points of Deming, the following points were highlighted as the direct benefits in solving situations (Deming 81). For example, the use of purpose to guide most objectives has been beneficial in terms ensuring the objectives of management are met. Similarly, the constant review of processes helps in the improvement of different areas of management. This is in terms of understanding of employees and motivating them to perform in their respective duties. Alternatively, the working of various departments as a team helps in the completion of tasks in good time. On the other hand, politicians are conducting promotions on the basis of merit which

Keeping Animals in Captivity is Inherently Wrong Essay - 50

Keeping Animals in Captivity is Inherently Wrong - Essay Example Keeping animals in captivity is not only ethically wrong and cruel but also proves challenging to mimic the exact elements as in the animals’ natural environments.Keeping animals in captivity is unethical because people abuse and exploit them (Bostock 127). Most people who keep animals in captivity use them in many wrong purposes. Scientists and researchers may want to carry out genetic, behavioral, and many other researches. They may also wish to test medicinal or other products. They use the animals they have kept captive to carry out the studies or observe any reaction of test products to the animal. They occasionally do this by forcing samples of substances and products to the animal’s body for instance through injections, feeding, and rubbing. In many cases, the animals end up developing complications from the test samples and even die. The entertainment industry is another area where animals receive many kinds of mistreatment. Animals get tired and disturbed by th e many activities and performances they have to do. As people come to view the animals and their activities, they may disturb their peace. For instance, the men’s children may make noises, give them unsolicited foodstuffs, throw destructive objects at them, and force them to play or perform. The animals thus find it hard to eat, take some rest, or do other biologically important activities in the presence of tourists. The use of animals in exotic pet trade is also another unethical issue. The animals mostly end up having discomforts;Â  pain/tiredness due to changing ownership and the environment, unsuitable handling during the trading, and long distance traveling. Production of fur, blood, milk and other products cannot be left behind since it causes discomfort and pain in the wild animals. The animals may end up developing cold, becoming weak, and unable to feed their young ones.

Employed in 'Sao Mai' Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Employed in 'Sao Mai' - Essay Example He is given with the charges of directing, monitoring and managing almost every operational process in the company. His responsibilities in the company include managing a group of 20 architects and engineers along with taking any decision for the benefit of the company. He completely utilizes his power to accomplish his targets that assists the company to grow. Discussion The power gained by Mr. Tam Nguyen has three sources. These are interpersonal source, vertical or hierarchical source and horizontal or situational source. The influences of these sources on the power of Mr. Tam Nguyen are as follows. Interpersonal Powers Person Based power The personality traits of Mr. Tam Nguyen play a vital role in making him the most powerful employee in ‘Sao Mai’. He has been associated with the company over a long period. This gave him a considerable experience to control the organizational processes with efficiency. He is also a good trainer because he always keeps pressure on hi s subordinates to perform better increasing the potentiality of the workforce. He is a very ambitious in directing his subordinates that creates tremendous pressure over the workforce. This often tends to hinder the morale of the employees giving rise to the turnover rate. He desires the entire workforce to perform as he did without providing consideration to the eligibility of the employees. His current position in the company is certainly due to his personal qualities that has a significant influence on the CEO as well. Position Based power Mr. Tam Nguyen is assigned to segregate the diverse construction project related responsibilities including designing and allocation of resources. This is generally determined on the basis of the abilities and competences of the architects and engineers. The responsibilities are also often segregated according to his choice and perceptions. His responsibilities include convincing and persuading the clients regarding any impasse with ‘Sao Mai’. He is also solely responsible for taking any decision regarding financial matters or employee evaluations. He possesses the liberty to offer bonus or rewards to the high performers of ‘Sao Mai’. He is also liable to terminate any employee in case of inefficiency. Mr. Tam Nguyen liberally utilizes his position based powers over the employees of ‘Sao Mai’. He often praises the performing employees and motivates them to work harder. He also tends to terminate inefficient employees whose acts might have hindered customer satisfaction or the commitment of the company towards its services. Whatever the decision he takes is explicit within the knowledge of every employee in ‘Sao Mai’ that creates a pressure on the workforce to perform better. Vertical/ Hierarchical Based Power In case of urgencies, Mr. Tam Nguyen possesses the authoritative rights to approve certain changes in the blueprints of the construction projects to satisfy the cus tomers’ demands. He believes that maintenance of long term relationship with the clients is crucial as customers are the fundamental elements of any organization. Once, a client wished to make certain changes in the blueprint of the house. He wanted to elevate the designs of the roofs of the window and the door at a reasonable cost. This was likely to hinder the quality of the project causing safety issues. The proposal was approved so to retain a good relationship with

Proposal to use mobile application health to help or support Research

To use mobile application health to help or support disability patients in Saudi Arabia. Or how to use technology to help or support disability patients in saudi arabia - Research Proposal Example 89). These developments on the other hand require government interventions so as to be legally implemented and supported. Trying to determine how many people are disabled can be difficult because it is problematic to determine the level of disability as the means of data collection and the definition varies from country to country. Disability is a key problem for the Saudi Arabian healthcare area. Information concerning the cases and frequency of impairment, disability, and socio-demographic features of persons with disabilities are rare and inadequate since the real weight of disability is also mis-calculated. Guidelines and regulations have reinforced the equivalent privileges and rights of disabled individuals, but fruitless application of these regulations has resulted to a gap amongst the proposed goals and the real services provision. Evidently, more examination is required to plot for applicable management platforms, effective employment of basic inhibition strategies, and correct distribution of health facilities in this region. There are applications that have been made to carter for people wi th disabilities, for instance, Prologue2Go, which is a text-to-speech application that helps people with speech disabilities. Enabling disabled people to download applications to smartphones or tablet PCs means having smaller and convenient equipment to store much of what you require than having many pieces of a stand-alone-equipment (Mitchell, 2012, p. 9). This makes it more effective, efficient and, cheaper for people with disabilities to perform various tasks. Mobile technology can also help to remove the stigma in these challenged persons. Before the introduction of smart phones, disabled persons used a lot of instruments to help them in seeing. To achieve this, they needed to carry a magnifier, a money recognition device and a screen

Fire Safety Legislations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Fire Safety Legislations - Essay Example Many fire safety legislations have come into practice in recent decades and have reduced injury, death and calamity. Fire Precautions Act 1971 was the first exclusively fire devoted act and this was the result of the Report of the Holroyd Committee in 1970 which recommended that the law pertaining to fire safety should come under two branches: one that would apply to new and altered premises and other, to apply exclusively to premises that were already occupied. Committee found it so important that fire safety regulations should branch out to become more effective and understood by people, and this was necessary looking at the risk involved. In july 2002, the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister issued a Consolidation paper for further reforms on fire fighting legislation and amending wherever necessary, with a view to make it more understandable and less intimidating. New legislations are proposed to be introduced, dropping the certification which was made compulsory under the Fire P recautions Act 1971. Next major piece of regulation was The Fire Precautions (Workplace) (Amendment) Regulations 1999 to be followed by The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 and this Report tries to map the differences and similarities between them. "Houses occupied as single private dwellings are exempt, but the fire authority has powers to make it compulsory for some dwellings to be covered by a fire certificate" http://www.healthandsafety.co.uk/firep.htm Premises that require a fire certificate were many and for those premises, obtaining a certificate became mandatory. "The use of certain types of premises has been designated by the Secretary of State as requiring a fire certificate under the Fire Precautions Act 1971 (in Northern Ireland under the Fire Services (Northern Ireland) Order 1984 as amended). There are two designating orders in force in Great Britain - one relates to larger hotels and boarding houses; the other to those factories, offices, shops and railway premises in which people are employed to work" http://www.communities.gov.uk/index.aspid=1124874 Mainly these applied to non-domestic premises and the intention was reducing death and injury and damage. Provisions for reasonable means of escape, inspection were made and officers are entitled to take action to enforce the act. This was further fortified by Building Regulation Act of 1991 that limited internal fire spread including furniture and fittings by more regulations while considerable facilities for fire service was given including rules on fire warning and emergency lighting. Offices, shops, factories were covered according to number of workers. Guidance about storage of flammable materials, means for fighting fire, warning, training of employees, licensed premises, standards of fire precautions, inspection procedures, methods and types of inspection, escape related precautions, notifications of proposed changes were meticulously guided with extensive provisions. Some premises were exempted from fire certificate requirement and standards of exempted premises like factorie s and offices with only ground floor/basement/first floor power, not using explosive materials etc. had to be

Globalization and Cultural and Language Diversity Essay

Globalization and Cultural and Language Diversity - Essay Example Website. Frida Mujale-Manenji stated that the effect globalization has greatly affected the African culture immensely and it's culture is presently diverse. It had affected the African people's cultural behaviors in different ways. People have had to adopt by changing their living ways in order to survive. The advertisements of the famous Coca-Cola drinks can be heard across boundaries in towns, cities and townships and even in remote rural areas where drinking water is a problem to get. Globalization in Africa involves the opening up of its economies to trading with the global market forces, freely and widely. Globalization has forced countries like Africa to deregulate foreign investment, liberalized its imports, remove currency controls, emasculate the direct economic role of the state, and so on. The effect on culture and language is to further undermine the internal, national productive capacity, social security and democratic integrity of these countries Journal. Journal. Kenyatta (2002) stated that "More than 100 students, activists and scholars gathered recently at Columbia University's Teachers College to explore the effects of globalization and decentralization on education, health care and land reform in Nigeria, South Africa and Uganda." The Globalization has a big effect on the culture and language of Africa and the supernational organizations such as The World Bank, The IMF (International Monetary Fund), the WTO (World Trade Organization) have come to dominate prescriptions underpinning state strategies for economic recovery and growth of this continent. Dr. Gregory Anderson, assistant professor of higher and postsecondary education at Teachers College stated that "these global forces are increasingly hegemonic and, in the case of Africa, with its longstanding history of problems and dilemmas, globalization as an ideology is distinctly shaping the arenas of policy and the directions and scope of state reforms." Therefore, Africa must learn to adjust itself to survive globalization. For a continent where several thousand languages are spoken within its borders, language has long been viewed as a challenge to education and political development. As a result, colonial language policies of the past often forbade the use of African languages in official functions of the state. Today, the official languages as well as the languages of instruction and scholarship in most educational institutions continue to be English, French and Portuguese, despite the fact that far greater numbers speak other languages. Globalization has lowered the status of the local dialects as compared to French, English and Portuguese. Newspaper/Magazine. ABC news dated Jan 17 stated that First Lady Laura Bush went to meet with the President of Ghana this morning. The First Lady is continuing her travels through Africa today as she heads to Nigeria where she will meet with President Obasanjo tomorrow morning. Vice President Cheney travels in Egypt and Saudi Arabia today. He is scheduled to meet with President Mubarak in Cairo and King Abdullah in Riyadh. These are some of the scheduled meetings from his trip to the region in December which needed to be cut short so he could cast a tie-breaking vote in the Senate. The